Where Did the Idea of Marriage Come From?

Lawrence - Where Did the Idea of Marriage Come From?

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A white wedding in a church with a horse and carriage may be every young woman's dream, any way the plan of marriage as a union in the middle of a man and woman (and sometimes in the middle of men and women - note the plural) has its roots several thousand years before Christianity. Marriage is also a universal plan which has developed in numerous cultures colse to the world even though they have not had direct experience with each other.

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So how has the idea of a man and woman setting up a union come about?

First off, where did the word marriage come from? Well "marriage" first originated in the English language in the mid-13th Century, and came from the Old French "marier" but, the French themselves had stolen it from the Romans - "maritare" being Latin for "to marry".

The oldest written reference to the practice of marriage comes from Hammurabi's Code of old Mesopotamia (broadly face modern day Iraq), and where the first permanent cities were established. This takes us back to colse to 1800 B.C., practically 4,000 years ago, any way the practice of marriage legitimately pre-dates even this.

Marriage came to Europe via the old Greeks, but there were no set rules or procedures to be followed to generate a official union. All that was required was mutual consent of bride and groom and that both acknowledged each other as their respective spouse. It is from the Spartans (of the 300 fame) who started the European tradition for men to marry in their 30's and women as early as possible. The logic was that the men would have completed (and survived) forces aid (and this was a time when living to your 40's was determined to be "old age"), while for women, if you wanted a virgin when you married it was determined best to marry a woman as young as possible.

More importantly, the old Greeks also set the very clear pattern of marrying for position, wealth and power. The idea you married because you loved person was irrelevant - sentimentality or feelings did not come into what was a industrial transaction in the middle of families looking to develop or protect their own positions. Upon becoming a wife, a Greek woman lost practicality all of her rights which has taken over 2,000 years to reverse (and is still persisting in most parts of the world today).

The neighboring Romans adopted the practice from the Greeks, though they added a supplementary layer of legality and ceremony to the concept. There were several separate forms of marriage in the Roman Empire and which version was used depended on either the woman was to join her husband's house or remain linked with her own. A "free" marriage allowed the wife to own her own property and hold her own family's name, but more importantly, she (and her former family) kept any property she owned or inherited within her own family. It was more former for a woman to be plainly "transferred" to her husband and his family; the wife lost her right to inherit property from her old house and found herself under the total authority of her husband and his family.

Christianity arose out of the ashes of the Roman Empire, any way it was not until this radical, new religion was over 100 years old that the idea of a religious implication was developed in association with marriage. Until then, and for a long time afterwards, Christians married in much the same way as everybody else - a house arrangement, ordinarily negotiated without any pretense of emotion or love in the middle of the parties. As Christianity gained traction in the Roman Empire, it became clear that this "moral" religion should take a stand that marriage should bein accordance with the laws of God and not plainly an expedient enterprise deal.

By the 12th Century, it had come to be compulsory for wives to take their husband's surname and supplementary layers of legality and ceremony were added. By the mid-16th Century, the bride and groom had to have the consent of a number of habitancy to get married - ordinarily their parents and the Church, but if you were a noble or a landowner, you may have needed the permission of the King! The Church's permission was integrated into the ritual because it opposed the formation of marriages by children, sometimes even babies, by their families. We ought to thank the Church for the fact that free-will became an established feature of modern Western marriage. Before the Church, you married who your parents or patriarch told you to marry!

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